Natural pest control

40. Best Practices for Managing a Sustainable Garden Year-Round

Imagine a garden that grows well without using up too many resources or hurting the planet. With the right sustainable gardening tips, you can make your garden a self-sustaining place. It will need little upkeep and help you garden more efficiently. But, where do you begin? How can you keep your garden looking great all year?

This guide will show you the best ways to manage a sustainable garden all year. You’ll learn about planning, planting, controlling pests, and preserving your garden. Discover how to create an eco-friendly garden that feeds your family and helps the environment. Get ready to learn the secrets of sustainable gardening and see your garden flourish like never before.

Key Takeaways

  • Use sustainable gardening methods to lessen your environmental impact and improve soil health.
  • Plan your garden with native, diverse plants that support local ecosystems and need fewer resources.
  • Use water wisely and compost to cut down on waste and increase efficiency.
  • Control pests and weeds naturally, avoiding harmful chemicals and boosting biodiversity.
  • Buy your gardening supplies locally to support your community and lower transportation emissions.

Benefits of Sustainable Gardening

Sustainable gardening is more than just growing plants. It helps the environment and makes your garden healthier. By using eco-friendly methods, you can lessen your impact on the planet and boost your plants’ health.

Reducing Environmental Impact

By gardening sustainably, you can cut down on your carbon footprint and save natural resources. Composting turns waste into food for your soil, keeping it rich and fertile. Using less water and choosing plants that don’t need much water also helps save this vital resource.

Choosing not to use harmful chemicals keeps your garden and the environment safe. This creates a better place for all living things.

Improving Soil Health

Healthy soil is key in sustainable gardens. Adding compost and cover crops makes your soil better for your plants. This leads to stronger, healthier plants that can handle your local weather.

Healthy soil also means more good bugs and worms, which helps your garden cycle nutrients naturally. This makes your garden a better place for plants to grow.

Sustainable Gardening Benefit Impact
Reduced Environmental Impact
  • Decreased carbon footprint
  • Conserved natural resources
  • Protected local ecosystems
Improved Soil Health
  • Enhanced soil structure and nutrient content
  • Increased activity of beneficial organisms
  • Healthier, more resilient plants

“Sustainable gardening is not just about growing plants – it’s about nurturing the entire ecosystem, from the soil to the wildlife that call your garden home.”

Planning Your Sustainable Garden

Starting a sustainable garden means planning carefully. First, think about what you want from your garden. Do you want to grow food, help pollinators, or make a beautiful space? After deciding, pick a variety of native plants that fit your local climate and soil.

Defining Your Gardening Goals

Think about what you want from your garden. Do you aim to grow your own food or help local wildlife? Knowing your gardening goals helps pick the right plants and designs.

Choosing Native and Diverse Plants

Native plants are perfect for your area because they need less water and food. Using many native plants makes your garden strong and full of life. Think about your garden’s sunlight and soil to pick the best plants.

“Sustainable gardening is not just about the plants you choose, but the entire ecosystem you create. By focusing on native species and promoting biodiversity, you’ll witness your garden come alive with vibrant colors, buzzing insects, and joyful birdsong.”

Garden planning and sustainable garden design work together. Set your goals and choose the right native plants for a beautiful, eco-friendly garden.

Sustainable Gardening Techniques

Sustainable gardening is all about making your garden better for the planet and for you. It’s about composting and saving water. These two things are key for a green garden.

Composting Organic Waste

Composting is a big deal in sustainable gardening. You turn food scraps, yard clippings, and leaves into soil that feeds your plants. It cuts down on landfill waste and makes soil healthier. This means your plants grow better and you use fewer chemicals.

Water Conservation Methods

Water is precious, and saving it is important in gardening. Using rain barrels and mulch helps you use less water. Watering in the cool hours also helps. These methods keep water around for your plants and protect our environment.

Sustainable Gardening Technique Benefits
Composting Organic Waste
  • Reduces waste in landfills
  • Improves soil health
  • Decreases need for synthetic fertilizers
Water Conservation Methods
  • Reduces water consumption
  • Preserves a valuable natural resource
  • Minimizes overall environmental impact

Using these sustainable gardening tips, you can make a garden that’s good for the earth and for you. It’s a win-win for everyone.

Managing Pests and Weeds Naturally

As a sustainable gardener, you aim to make a garden that works with nature. You look into natural pest control and organic weed management instead of harsh chemicals. Using eco-friendly gardening methods helps keep your garden healthy and your food safe.

One good way to control pests and weeds is with physical barriers. Use row covers or mesh to keep pests away from your plants. These barriers let air, light, and water in but keep pests out. You can also bring in ladybugs, which eat many garden pests.

For weeds, try organic mulches to stop them from growing. Mulch blocks sunlight and stops weed seeds from sprouting. Pulling weeds by hand is another great way to keep your garden clean.

Natural Pest Control Methods Organic Weed Management Techniques
  • Physical barriers (row covers, mesh)
  • Introducing beneficial insects
  • Biological controls (predatory insects)
  • Organic mulches
  • Hand-pulling weeds
  • Cover crops

Using these natural pest control and organic weed management methods makes a garden that’s good for the environment. Your plants will be healthier, your soil richer, and your harvest will be safe and plentiful.

natural pest control

Sourcing Supplies Locally

When planning your sustainable garden, think about getting your supplies from local places. Buying plants, seeds, and other items from nearby nurseries, garden centers, and farmers’ markets helps your community. It also cuts down on the harm caused by transporting goods over long distances.

Supporting Local Growers

Local plants fit well with your area’s weather and soil, making them more likely to thrive in your garden. Buying from local spots also boosts your community’s economy. It encourages gardening that is good for the planet.

Reducing Transportation Emissions

Getting your gardening stuff closer to home means less carbon emissions from transport. This is key to sustainable gardening. It helps make your garden’s impact on the environment smaller.

Benefit Description
Adapt to local conditions Plants sourced locally are often better suited to your region’s climate and soil, leading to higher success rates.
Support community growers Purchasing from local nurseries and farmers’ markets helps to strengthen your community’s economy and promote sustainable gardening.
Reduce emissions Minimizing the transportation distance of your gardening supplies lowers the carbon footprint associated with their delivery.

Trying to get your garden supplies from local places makes your gardening more sustainable. It helps your community and cuts down on carbon emissions from transport. This is good for the planet and supports eco-friendly gardening.

Encouraging Biodiversity

Sustainable gardening means creating a thriving ecosystem in your yard. By encouraging biodiversity, you draw in helpful insects and animals. These creatures help control pests and support your eco-friendly gardening goals.

Attracting Beneficial Insects and Wildlife

To attract beneficial insects, plant native flowers, herbs, and shrubs. These plants offer food and shelter to local wildlife. Also, leave some areas wild to support diverse habitats.

Creating Habitats for Native Species

Creating wildlife habitats helps the local ecosystem and lets you watch the wildlife up close. Provide nesting sites for birds and leave leaves and branches for small mammals. This sustainable landscaping makes your garden a haven for many species.

“A garden is a grand teacher. It teaches patience and careful watchfulness; it teaches industry and thrift; above all it teaches entire trust.” – Gertrude Jekyll

Year-Round Sustainable Gardening

Sustainable gardening is a year-round effort. It’s about keeping your garden healthy, productive, and good for the planet. Using crop rotation and succession planting helps your garden work better and cuts down on the need for extra help.

Crop Rotation and Succession Planting

Move your vegetable crops around the garden each year to stop diseases and pests. This crop rotation keeps the soil healthy and breaks up the life cycles of pests. Then, use succession planting to plant new crops where the old ones were. This way, you get a steady harvest all season long.

Extending the Growing Season

Find ways to make your growing season last longer. Use cold frames or greenhouses to start seeds early and protect plants. These eco-friendly gardening practices let you enjoy your garden all year.

“The true essence of sustainable gardening lies in its ability to provide nourishment and delight throughout the year, while respecting the delicate balance of nature.” – Gardening Enthusiast

Harvesting and Preserving Your Produce

As your sustainable garden grows, you’ll get a lot of tasty, healthy produce. It’s key to handle the harvest well and learn how to preserve food. This way, you can use more of your garden’s food and make the most of it.

Sharing Your Harvest

Sharing your garden’s extra food is a big reward of sustainable gardening. Think about giving your extra veggies and fruits to local food banks or sharing with neighbors and friends. This helps fight food insecurity and builds community around gardening.

Preserving Techniques

To keep enjoying your garden’s flavors even when it’s not growing season, try eco-friendly ways to preserve food. Canning, freezing, and drying are great for keeping your garden’s produce fresh. Try different methods to see what works best for you.

Harvesting sustainable garden produce

By harvesting sustainable garden produce, sharing your garden harvest, and preserving garden produce with eco-friendly food preservation methods, you can enjoy your sustainable gardening practices all year. This way, you get to enjoy your garden’s fruits for longer.

Building a Community Around Sustainable Gardening

Sustainable gardening is more than just a hobby; it’s a way to help our communities and the planet. Look for or start local gardening groups, clubs, or online forums. These places let you share tips, swap plants, and work on projects together. By joining forces with others, you can learn, solve problems, and spread eco-friendly gardening ideas in your area and beyond.

Being part of a sustainable gardening community is very rewarding. You’ll get helpful advice and support. Plus, you can help your local environment in many ways. You might start a composting program, host seed swaps, or work with schools to create gardens.

Building a community around sustainable gardening brings people together. You can make a bigger impact by working as a team. You can push for policies that help eco-friendly gardening networks and community-based sustainable practices. This could mean pushing for more garden spaces or teaching how to save water.

“The best way to predict the future is to create it.” – Peter Drucker

If you’re into gardening or just starting, reach out to your local gardening groups. Let’s work together to make our communities and planet greener.

Conclusion

Embracing sustainable gardening is a rewarding way to make your outdoor space better for the planet. By following the best practices, you can lessen your environmental impact. You’ll also improve soil health, attract beneficial wildlife, and enjoy a harvest all year.

Sustainable gardening is a journey that never stops. Keep learning, trying new things, and adjusting your methods. This way, you can create a garden that’s strong and helps both you and the environment.

There are many benefits to sustainable gardening. It helps reduce your carbon footprint and creates a diverse ecosystem in your yard. By using the strategies from this article, you’ll get a garden that’s full of life and beauty. You’ll also help protect the environment for the future.

FAQ

What are the benefits of sustainable gardening?

Sustainable gardening helps the environment and your garden. It reduces your carbon footprint, improves soil health, and makes your outdoor space eco-friendly.

How do I plan a successful sustainable garden?

Start by setting clear gardening goals. Choose a variety of native plants. Use composting and water wisely.

What are some sustainable gardening techniques I can use?

Use composting, water-saving methods, and natural pest control. These techniques help your garden grow sustainably.

How can I source supplies locally for my sustainable garden?

Buy plants, seeds, and materials from local nurseries, garden centers, and farmers’ markets. This supports local growers and cuts down on transportation emissions.

How can I encourage biodiversity in my sustainable garden?

Plant native flowers, herbs, and shrubs to attract beneficial insects and wildlife. Create diverse habitats in your garden for more biodiversity.

What are some year-round sustainable gardening practices I can implement?

Use crop rotation and succession planting to make your garden more efficient. Try cold frames or greenhouses to grow food all year.

How can I make the most of my sustainable garden’s harvest?

Share your garden’s produce with neighbors and local food banks. Learn to can, freeze, and dry food to enjoy your harvest longer.

How can I build a community around sustainable gardening?

Join or create local gardening groups, clubs, or online forums. Share knowledge, swap seeds, and work together on sustainable projects.

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Organic Pest Control Methods: Keep Your Garden Pest-Free Naturally

Are you tired of dealing with garden pests that harm your plants? Find a green solution with organic pest control methods. These methods will protect your garden naturally. We’ll look at eco-friendly ways to keep your garden healthy and free of pests, without using harsh chemicals.

Key Takeaways

  • Explore natural pest control strategies to protect your garden without harming the environment.
  • Learn about the benefits of organic pest management, including improved human health and pollinator protection.
  • Discover how to cultivate a healthy, pest-resistant garden through proactive measures like building nutrient-rich soil and minimizing insect habitats.
  • Attract beneficial insects, such as ladybugs and lacewings, to help manage pests in your garden naturally.
  • Understand the role of companion planting, insect barriers, and organic sprays in creating a sustainable pest-free oasis.

The Importance of Organic Pest Control

Pesticides might seem like an easy solution for garden problems, but they have big effects on our health and the planet. A recent study found that 90% of people in the US have traces of pesticide byproducts in their urine, despite the EPA saying only a little bit stays on food. This shows how widespread these chemicals are and why we need a better way to fight pests.

Impact on Human Health

Being around pesticides can lead to health issues like breathing problems, hormone changes, and some cancers. Organic gardening doesn’t use these harmful chemicals, keeping you and your family safe.

Effects on Pollinators and Wildlife

Pesticides are a big danger to bees, butterflies, and other helpful insects, causing their numbers to drop. These insects are key for our ecosystems and garden health. Choosing organic pest control helps these important creatures and keeps nature in balance.

Going organic is good for you and the planet. It focuses on stopping pests naturally, using safe remedies, and helping good insects. Organic pest control is key for a healthy, lasting garden.

“Pesticides pose a significant threat to pollinators like bees, butterflies, and other beneficial insects, contributing to alarming population declines.”

Prevention: Cultivating a Healthy Garden

Starting with prevention is key to a pest-free garden. Create a healthy garden by focusing on nutrient-rich soil, reducing disturbance, and proper watering and sanitation. This approach helps prevent pests and diseases.

Building Nutrient-Rich Soil

Healthy soil is crucial for a successful garden. Use organic fertilizers and no-till gardening to add nutrients and beneficial microorganisms. Adding compost and mulch helps keep moisture in and weeds down. This makes your garden perfect for your plants.

Minimizing Disturbance and Insect Habitat

Keep your garden clean by removing weeds and debris. This makes it less welcoming for pests. Don’t over-till your soil, as it can harm the soil ecosystem. Instead, use gentle hand-weeding and keep your garden tidy.

Proper Watering and Sanitization Practices

Good watering and sanitation are key to preventing pests. Don’t let plants get wet, as this can lead to fungal diseases. Clean your gardening tools often to stop pests and diseases from spreading.

Prevention Strategy Benefits
Building Nutrient-Rich Soil Promotes strong, resilient plants less vulnerable to pests
Minimizing Disturbance and Insect Habitat Reduces available habitat for many common garden pests
Proper Watering and Sanitization Practices Deters many insects and diseases from taking hold in the garden

Using these prevention tips, you can grow a healthy garden that fights off pest infestations. Being proactive in garden care is the best way to protect your garden from pests.

Attracting Beneficial Insects

Organic pest control is key, and one top strategy is to draw beneficial insects to your garden. These allies, like lacewings, ladybugs, and wasps, are vital in fighting off garden pests. By making your garden a welcoming place for them, you can use beneficial insects for pest control and cut down on harsh chemicals.

Lacewings, Ladybugs, and Predatory Wasps

Lacewings, ladybugs, and wasps are great examples of beneficial insects that help your garden. They eat many pests, such as aphids and caterpillars. By bringing these insects to your garden, you can keep pests under control without using harmful chemicals.

Planting Insectary Plants and Flowers

To attract and keep insect-attracting plants healthy, add a mix of blooming plants and flowers to your garden. Plants like dill and parsley offer food and shelter for these beneficial insects. By placing these organic pest management plants in your garden, you help create a balanced ecosystem that fights pests naturally.

Beneficial Insect Preferred Prey Insectary Plants
Lacewings Aphids, Mealybugs, Thrips Dill, Fennel, Yarrow
Ladybugs Aphids, Scale Insects, Mites Marigolds, Sunflowers, Alyssum
Predatory Wasps Caterpillars, Beetle Larvae, Aphids Coreopsis, Cilantro, Cosmos

By adding these insect-attracting plants and creating a diverse garden, you help beneficial insects for pest control. This approach reduces the need for harsh chemicals.

Companion Planting and Crop Rotation

Keeping your garden pest-free is easier with companion planting and crop rotation. These methods help keep pests away and make your plants healthier. They work naturally to protect your garden.

Companion planting for pest control uses plants that work well together. For example, marigolds near broccoli can stop cabbage moths. Basil or lavender can also keep pests away by confusing them.

Organic crop rotation is also key. It means moving your crops around each season. This stops pests from finding a steady food source and home in your garden.

Companion Plants Pests Deterred
Marigolds Cabbage moths
Basil, Lavender Variety of garden pests

Using companion planting for pest control and organic crop rotation makes your garden strong against pests. These methods help your plants and create a healthy garden. They make your garden a safe and sustainable place.

companion planting

Using Insect Barriers and Covers

Organic pest control often uses physical barriers. Row covers and insect netting are great for keeping pests away. They let air, light, and water to your plants while keeping pests out. Knowing how to use these barriers can help protect your garden from pests.

Row Covers and Insect Netting

Row covers and insect netting protect many crops, from leafy greens to vegetables. These materials create a barrier that stops pests like aphids and beetles. They’re easy to put up and stay in place all season, giving your plants constant protection.

Timing and Maintenance

  • Put row covers and insect netting on before pests become a problem to stop them early.
  • Make sure they fit well to keep pests out.
  • Check the barriers often for any damage and fix or replace them as needed.
  • Take them off during flowering to let pollinators in, then put them back on to protect the plants.

Using these organic barriers in your garden means you can have a pest-free harvest. It also helps keep your garden healthy and balanced.

Organic Pest Control Methods

When basic steps don’t work to keep pests away, it’s time for more action. Luckily, there are organic ways to control pests that are good for the planet. You can try manual removal, trapping, or homemade organic sprays to protect your garden without using harsh chemicals.

Manual Removal and Trapping

For some pests, the best solution is to remove them by hand. Check your plants closely and pick off aphids, leaf miners, or slugs. You can also make natural traps, like jars filled with a sweet liquid to catch fruit flies or other insects.

Homemade Organic Sprays

If removing pests by hand isn’t possible, think about making your own organic sprays. You can use things like garlic, soap, and oils to make sprays that keep pests away. These homemade organic pesticides are cheaper and better for the environment than store-bought ones.

Pest Homemade Organic Spray
Aphids Garlic-based spray
Spider mites Neem oil spray
Caterpillars Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) spray

Using natural pest traps and homemade organic sprays can help you manage pests. This way, you protect your health, the environment, and the good insects that help your garden.

natural pest traps

Encouraging Natural Predators

You can also attract snakes, lizards, birds, and bats to your garden to fight pests. These animals eat many insects and small pests. By giving them homes and food, you can bring them to your garden.

Snakes and Other Reptiles

Snakes and reptiles like lizards are great at controlling pests. They eat many insects and small animals that bother your garden. To attract them, add rocks, logs, or thick plants for hiding and sunning.

Birds and Bats

Birds and bats are also good at fighting garden pests. Birds like swallows and wrens eat lots of insects. Bats eat moths and mosquitoes at night. Build birdhouses and bat boxes to give them a place to live. Plant flowers that they like to eat.

By encouraging natural pest predators, your garden will be a balanced place. This way, you control pests naturally and support many kinds of wildlife. It’s good for your garden and the animals.

Predator Prey Benefits
Snakes Insects, rodents, small animals Effective natural pest control, help maintain balanced ecosystem
Lizards Insects, spiders, small invertebrates Consume a variety of garden pests, contribute to biodiversity
Birds Insects, caterpillars, small rodents Reduce populations of harmful pests, provide natural pest management
Bats Moths, mosquitoes, other night-flying insects Control populations of nocturnal pests, help maintain ecological balance

“Encouraging natural predators in the garden is a sustainable and effective way to manage pests organically. These vertebrate wildlife play a vital role in maintaining a healthy, balanced ecosystem.”

Organic Pest Control

In the world of sustainable gardening, organic pest management is key to keeping your garden healthy. It uses nature’s power to keep pests away without harsh chemicals. This approach protects your plants and helps pollinators and wildlife too.

Prevention is at the core of organic pest control. Healthy soil, less disturbance, and proper watering and cleaning keep pests away. Attracting beneficial insects, like lacewings and ladybugs, also helps by eating garden pests.

Using companion planting and crop rotation is also effective. These methods break up pest life cycles and make your garden strong against pests. Adding things like row covers and netting gives extra protection.

Organic Pest Control Method Description
Manual Removal and Trapping Removing pests by hand or with non-toxic traps is a good way to control them.
Homemade Organic Sprays Using things like essential oils and garlic can fight pests without harming the planet.
Encouraging Natural Predators Letting snakes, birds, and bats in your garden helps control pests.

Choosing organic pest control methods means your garden stays healthy and works with nature. This way, you protect your plants and keep the ecosystem balanced. Your garden will be a beautiful place for years to come.

“The ultimate goal of organic pest management is to create a healthy, balanced ecosystem that is naturally resistant to pests and disease.”

Integrating Biological Controls

Organic pest control can be powerful and kind to the planet. Using beneficial nematodes and Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) can help. These tools work well with other organic methods to keep your garden healthy and free of pests.

Beneficial Nematodes

Beneficial nematodes are tiny roundworms that fight pests like grubs and fleas in the soil. They move into the soil and find and kill the young pests before they can harm your plants. Adding beneficial nematodes to your pest control plan gives your garden long-term protection against underground pests.

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)

Bacillus thuringiensis, or Bt, is another great organic biological control. It targets caterpillars and other pests that eat leaves. When these pests eat Bt, it harms their stomachs, stops them from eating, and eventually kills them. Bt is safe for good insects like bees, making it a good choice for your garden.

Using beneficial nematodes and Bacillus thuringiensis in your garden helps you fight pests in a green way. This approach keeps your garden healthy and safe from harmful chemicals.

“Biological controls like beneficial nematodes and Bt are a game-changer for organic gardeners. They provide targeted, eco-friendly solutions that work in harmony with nature to keep pests at bay.”

Monitoring and Early Intervention

Being alert and quick to act is key to keeping pests away from your garden naturally. Check your plants often and act fast if you see early pest detection. This way, small problems don’t turn into big ones. Using organic pest management strategies helps keep your garden healthy without harsh chemicals.

Begin by checking your plants every week for pests or damage. Know what pest you’re facing to pick the best natural solution. Whether it’s aphids, caterpillars, or beetles, there are many natural ways to fight them.

  • Use a magnifying glass or hand lens to closely examine leaves, stems, and flowers for signs of pest activity.
  • Keep a pest identification guide on hand to help you recognize common garden pests.
  • Take clear photos of any unfamiliar insects or damage to consult with local extension services or online resources.

After spotting the pest, act fast with the right organic pest management strategies. This could mean removing pests by hand, using homemade sprays, or adding beneficial insects. The quicker you act, the better you can control the problem and stop it from spreading.

“Early detection and a proactive approach are essential for maintaining a healthy, pest-free garden. By staying vigilant and responding quickly, you can enjoy the benefits of a thriving, organic oasis.”

Remember, the secret to organic pest control is being proactive. With regular checks and quick action, you can have a garden that grows well naturally.

Conclusion

Your journey into organic pest control has shown you a green way to keep your garden healthy. By focusing on prevention and using natural methods, you can keep pests away safely. This approach protects your health and the environment too.

Using this approach might take some effort and trying different things. But, the benefits of a healthy garden are huge. You’ve discovered how to make soil rich in nutrients and use plants to keep pests away. This supports a wide variety of life in your garden.

Keep up with your organic gardening by always being alert and trying new things. Celebrate your successes, big or small. With a focus on organic gardening and sustainable pest management, you can make a garden that’s good for you and the planet.

FAQ

What are the benefits of using organic pest control methods?

Organic pest control is good for your garden and the planet. It uses no synthetic pesticides, keeping people and the environment safe.

How can I build a healthy, pest-resistant garden?

Start by making your soil rich with compost, mulch, and natural fertilizers. This makes plants strong against pests. Keep your soil healthy by removing weeds and watering plants right.

How can I attract beneficial insects to my garden?

Plant flowers like dill and parsley to draw in helpful bugs. These insects eat pests that bother your garden.

What are some effective companion planting and crop rotation strategies for pest control?

Plant marigolds with broccoli to keep pests away. Changing what you grow each year stops pests from spreading.

How can I use physical barriers to keep pests out of my garden?

Use row covers and insect netting to block pests. Make sure to put them up at the right time and take care of them.

What are some organic pest control methods I can use in my garden?

You can catch pests like aphids or use sprays made from garlic and soap. These methods are safe and effective.

How can I encourage natural predators to help control pests in my garden?

Make your garden a home for snakes, lizards, and birds. They eat pests and help keep your garden healthy.

What are some biological control options for organic pest management?

Use beneficial nematodes and Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) to fight pests. These natural agents target pests safely and effectively.

How can I stay on top of pest problems in my garden?

Check your garden often and act fast if you see pests. Knowing what pests you have and using organic controls quickly can stop big problems.

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